py/mkrules.mk: Add MICROPY_PREVIEW_VERSION_2.

This provides a way to enable features and changes slated for MicroPython
2.x, by running `make MICROPY_PREVIEW_VERSION_2=1`. Also supported for
the cmake ports (except Zephyr).

This is an alternative to having a 2.x development branch (or equivalently,
keeping a 1.x release branch). Any feature or change that needs to be
"hidden" until 2.x can use this flag (either in the Makefile or the
preprocessor).

A good example is changing function arguments or other public API features,
in particular to aid in improving consistency between ports.

When `MICROPY_PREVIEW_VERSION_2` is enabled, the REPL banner is amended to
say "MicroPython (with v2.0 preview) vX.Y.Z", and sys.implementation gets a
new field `_v2` set to `True`.

This work was funded through GitHub Sponsors.

Signed-off-by: Jim Mussared <jim.mussared@gmail.com>

.github/workflows/ports_unix.yml

@@ -55,6 +55,18 @@ jobs:
       if: failure()
       run: tests/run-tests.py --print-failures
 
+  standard_v2:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+    - name: Build
+      run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_unix_standard_v2_build
+    - name: Run main test suite
+      run: source tools/ci.sh && ci_unix_standard_v2_run_tests
+    - name: Print failures
+      if: failure()
+      run: tests/run-tests.py --print-failures
+
   coverage:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps: