docs/library/index: Update docs after umodule rename.

- Update guide for extending built-in modules.
- Remove any last trace of umodule in other docs.

This work was funded through GitHub Sponsors.

Signed-off-by: Jim Mussared <jim.mussared@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
Jim Mussared
2023-06-02 23:33:42 +10:00
parent 5fd042e7d1
commit 8211d56712
6 changed files with 46 additions and 35 deletions

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@@ -191,34 +191,27 @@ The following libraries are specific to the Zephyr port.
Extending built-in libraries from Python
----------------------------------------
Many built-in modules are actually named ``umodule`` rather than ``module``, but
MicroPython will alias any module prefixed with a ``u`` to the non-``u``
version. This means that, for example, ``import time`` will first attempt to
resolve from the filesystem, and then failing that will fall back to the
built-in ``utime``. On the other hand, ``import utime`` will always go directly
to the built-in.
A subset of the built-in modules are able to be extended by Python code by
providing a module of the same name in the filesystem. This extensibility
applies to the following Python standard library modules which are built-in to
the firmware: ``array``, ``binascii``, ``collections``, ``errno``, ``hashlib``,
``heapq``, ``io``, ``json``, ``os``, ``platform``, ``random``, ``re``,
``select``, ``socket``, ``ssl``, ``struct``, ``time`` ``zlib``, as well as the
MicroPython-specific ``machine`` module. All other built-in modules cannot be
extended from the filesystem.
This allows the user to provide an extended implementation of a built-in library
(perhaps to provide additional CPython compatibility or missing functionality).
The user-provided module (in ``module.py``) can still use the built-in
functionality by importing ``umodule`` directly (e.g. typically an extension
module ``time.py`` will do ``from utime import *``). This is used extensively
in :term:`micropython-lib`. See :ref:`packages` for more information.
This is used extensively in :term:`micropython-lib`, see :ref:`packages` for
more information. The filesystem module will typically do a wildcard import of
the built-in module in order to inherit all the globals (classes, functions and
variables) from the built-in.
This extensibility applies to the following Python standard library modules
which are built-in to the firmware: ``array``, ``binascii``, ``collections``,
``errno``, ``hashlib``, ``heapq``, ``io``, ``json``, ``os``, ``platform``,
``random``, ``re``, ``select``, ``socket``, ``ssl``, ``struct``, ``sys``,
``time``, ``zlib``, as well as the MicroPython-specific libraries: ``bluepy``,
``bluetooth``, ``machine``, ``timeq``, ``websocket``. All other built-in
modules cannot be extended from the filesystem.
*Other than when you specifically want to force the use of the built-in module,
we recommend always using* ``import module`` *rather than* ``import umodule``.
**Note:** In MicroPython v1.21.0 and higher, it is now possible to force an
import of the built-in module by clearing ``sys.path`` during the import. For
example, in ``time.py``, you can write::
In MicroPython v1.21.0 and higher, to prevent the filesystem module from
importing itself, it can force an import of the built-in module it by
temporarily clearing ``sys.path`` during the import. For example, to extend the
``time`` module from Python, a file named ``time.py`` on the filesystem would
do the following::
_path = sys.path
sys.path = ()
@@ -228,6 +221,25 @@ example, in ``time.py``, you can write::
sys.path = _path
del _path
This is now the preferred way (instead of ``from utime import *``), as the
``u``-prefix will be removed from the names of built-in modules in a future
version of MicroPython.
def extra_method():
pass
The result is that ``time.py`` contains all the globals of the built-in ``time``
module, but adds ``extra_method``.
In earlier versions of MicroPython, you can force an import of a built-in module
by appending a ``u`` to the start of its name. For example, ``import utime``
instead of ``import time``. For example, ``time.py`` on the filesystem could
look like::
from utime import *
def extra_method():
pass
This way is still supported, but the ``sys.path`` method described above is now
preferred as the ``u``-prefix will be removed from the names of built-in
modules in a future version of MicroPython.
*Other than when it specifically needs to force the use of the built-in module,
code should always use* ``import module`` *rather than* ``import umodule``.

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@@ -34,5 +34,5 @@ Methods
These methods implement the simple and extended
:ref:`block protocol <block-device-interface>` defined by
:class:`uos.AbstractBlockDev`.
:class:`os.AbstractBlockDev`.

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@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ Methods
These methods implement the simple and extended
:ref:`block protocol <block-device-interface>` defined by
:class:`uos.AbstractBlockDev`.
:class:`os.AbstractBlockDev`.